Television and Media Essay - Children and TV Violence :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Youngsters and Television Violence   â â â â â â The offspring of America invest their energy in a wide range of exercises. One of the most tedious exercises is viewing television.â Television assumes a huge job in the social and enthusiastic advancement of youngsters today. One great quality that TV has is that it passes on data and happenings around the globe that they may not in any case think about, however a few individuals have been addressing whether TV accomplishes more mischief than good.â Many have been investigating what influence savagery in grown-up appears just as youngsters' shows may have on kids.   â â â â â â Most guardians permit their youngsters to observe purported child's shows without considering what may be contained inside them.â what number occasions has a specific tracker been seen chasing a certain wascally wabbit?â Most individuals would state in what capacity can an animation about a man chasing influence a child?â right away it may appear that it has no impact, at the same time, looking nearer, it is anything but difficult to see that Bugs Rabbit has numerous human attributes. Two of these attributes are communicating in English and strolling upright.â Something else that adds to this is now and again kids can't make the differentiation among dream and reality.â Quickly an animation about a man chasing a hare can transform into an account of murder.â â â Another animation character that may hurt youngsters is Yosimite Sam.â When he loses control, he starts to discharge his pair of weapons into the air and at other characters.â This could make youngsters act fiercely to pacify their anger.â This incorporates hitting and tossing things.â This is an outrageous perspective on the circumstance, however who is to state that at any rate some portion of it isn't accurate?   â â â â â â Children see viciousness regularly in their kid's shows, yet shouldn't something be said about shows that they watch in which individuals star.â These shows will more than likely reason more viciousness than kid's shows would.â While watching a show, for example, Powerful Morphin Power Rangers a youngster sees very nearly 30 minutes of constant fighting.â The show likewise has a dream story that interests to children.â After watching the show, a youngster may become exhausted in light of the fact that the truth of the network show is more interesting.â The youngster at that point mirrors what was seen on television.â This is where the real savagery may begin.â Adult shows and motion pictures that are seen by youngsters could have much more terrible impacts than kids' shows.â In one reported case, a Californian kid that was seven years of age viewed a film one night.â In the film, a man put glass into soup that an associate of his was to eat.

The role and impact of marketing on the use and availability of drugs Research Paper

The job and effect of advertising on the utilization and accessibility of medications in America and viable intercessions to battle corporate stamping systems - Research Paper Example a ban on direct to purchaser ads so as to offer specialists a chance to find out about new medications before patients request remedies to facilitate their torment, twist their psyches, or stay asleep for the entire evening (2007, p.3). Direct-to-purchaser publicizing (DTCA) is a main source of medication abuse. The use on direct to purchaser promoting has been on a consistent ascent (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 2000). The impact of medication commercials is on the ascent as well. A review led in 2004 demonstrated that specialists accepted that immediate to buyer commercial influenced how they connected with patients and in their calling. Beforehand, sedate producers used to elevate their medications just to experts in the medicinal services part with the goal that they can clarify how the medication attempts to their patients. The pattern changed in the mid 1990s and makers changed their concentration to customers. Ads focusing on customers started to develop. Promoting prompted increment in spending on physician endorsed sedates as patients started following up on their social insurance. This prompted another issue as patients started requesting drugs they had seen on promotions from their doctors. Because of this, producers escalated their promotion techniques is structure to profit by high deals. A few organizations are suspected to be giving deceiving data about their items. Some misrepresent the capacity of their items to treat certain afflictions or how quick they can fix an individual once taken. It is thus that legitimate rules ought to be determined to how organizations publicize their medications. One of the ways might be to necessitate that any medication publicized ought to incorporate a rundown of any probable symptoms. Medications publicized ought to likewise not be permitted to depict what they do. Medication ought to likewise be appropriately marked in understanding to the set rules. Enthusiastic style promoting ought to be denied as it misdirects purchasers. Different methodologies like ascending of the lawful drinking age may help lessen openness to

Books for Being in Unfamiliar Territory

Books for Being in Unfamiliar Territory I have (temporarily) undergone a relocation. I have many feelings about this, the vast majority of them extremely positive, but certain things simply require an adjustment period. I dont have a favorite bookstore here yet, and since going to the bookstore is sort of like therapy, Ill need to start auditioning some contenders pretty soon. I dont have a coffee place yet, since I am extremely finicky and need a place that isnt too hip, too expensive, too small, or tooStarbucks. And then there are the smaller things: trying to find certain appliances in a strange kitchen. Walking around town and wondering if people can tell by a glance  that Im lost. All of this is merely a wad of gum on my shoes as I begin a thrilling little summer adventure. However, the feelings of misplacement and displacement that Im experiencing in minute amounts are ones that fill some of my all-time favorite books. Whether youre missing home, escaping home, or call the whole world your home, here are some books Im turning to to help me chart my course: The Geography of Bliss: One Grumps Search for the Happiest Places in the World  by  Eric Weiner Ive read this book so many times, but it never fails to make me smile or to make me think. Weiner travels all around the world to countries that are statistically the happiest in search of what, exactly, the people are so happy about. What he discovers, of course, is that happiness can be defined in all sorts of different ways. Ultimately, its something you find within yourself (although his description of Iceland does sound like a lot of fun.) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz Inarguably one of the best books of our generation, Diaz explores the heartbreak of displacement and diaspora and the complications of homecoming in this sprawling, legendary novel. It is a story that contains worlds upon worlds: the dystopian horrors of the Dominican Republic under Trujillo; the New Jersey neighborhoods that inspire Oscar to escape into science fiction universes; and the colorful inner  cartographies of people. Life is full of mystery, magic, and some really bad luck, but Diaz finds incredible beauty in the unknowable. White Teeth by Zadie Smith Another story of immigration. With incredible wit and dexterity, Smith grapples with the struggle of transplanting culture and identity. This book follows  Archie and Samad, veterans of WWII, as they and their families  navigate the changing cultural and racial landscape of London. This book is hilarious, but often thorny and challenging as well. With lines like homeland is one of the magical fantasy words like  unicorn  and  soul  and  infinity  that have now passed into language, Smith shows the ways that home can be a mottled concept, and can become something completely different right underneath your nose. The Faraway Nearby by Rebecca Solnit This book got me through the ultimate in homesickness: my freshman year of college. The title comes from Georgia OKeeffe, who used to sign her letters from the faraway nearby. To me, the faraway nearby is a place populated by my loved ones, who exist as a constant, chattering group at a cosmic dinner table within me, no matter how far the physical distance happens to be. These essays are dreamy and gorgeous and will make you appreciate the beauty of being somewhere new, even if that somewhere is only a fresh state of mind. Im A Stranger Here Myself: Notes on Returning to America After 20 Years Away  by Bill Bryson I go back and forth on Bill Bryson, just because his grumpy traveler routine can kind of get on my nerves (youre a travel writer! Be more excited!). But this book made me laugh. The Amazon description calls it a bemused love letter to a homeland and I agree. I also think theres something to travel writing about ones home: the truth is, its hard to really see all the detail unless you go away for a while. Even though Im excited to be away from my  home for a bit, Im also excited to see how its changed when I return. Never Can Say Goodbye:  Writers on Their Unshakable Love for New York  edited by Sari Botton Last summer, I lived at home and worked in D.C. while, it seemed, all of my friends were off in other states or other countries having grand, noteworthy adventures. So, every night before bed, Id read one of these essays and daydream about places like New York City. These essays are fun and full of passion. Often, its the territory you claim for yourself that ends up feeling the most like home, especially when youre young. Cities can exalt you one day and chew you up and spit you out the next. Sometimes thats exactly what you need. Emma  by Jane Austen Okay, maybe this ones just for me it happens to be my favorite novel of all time. But there are a lot of things about  Emma  that make it a good book to read in a new place: the  claustrophobic, gossipy town will make you itch to walk a street where youre totally unknown; Harriet Smiths naiveté might make you feel better about maybe not being as cosmopolitan as youd like. Above all, though, I brought a copy of Emma with me because Ive always related to Emma herself, and everyone knows that the hardest thing about a relocation is finding a kindred spirit.

Temporary Resident Visas (TRV) for Canada

Essay about The Evolution of Federalism - 981 Words

The Evolution of Federalism American federalism has changed drastically since its genesis. In 1776 the thirteen colonies adopted the Articles of Confederation in order to coordinate their efforts in the war for independence. The Articles of Confederation bound the states together in two main aspects; foreign and military affairs. The Articles of Confederation worked well while all the states had a common cause. However, as soon as the war ended and interests began to change, it became obvious that the Articles were not enough. This brings on the creation of Federalism (Reinventing American Federalism). In May of 1787, in the city of Philadelphia, delegates from all thirteen states met in order to â€Å"create a more perfect†¦show more content†¦The Supreme Court allowed this expanded role of federalism, and has allowed the federal government to create its own boundaries ever since in many areas including racial segregation (Brown vs. Board of Education), which gave the federal government powers that were originally assumed by the states (Reinventing American Federalism). Perhaps the greatest example of this took place on June 11th, 1963 when President Kennedy federalized the Alabama National Guard, and forced Alabama’s Governor Wallace to step aside and allow Vivian Malone and James Hood, two black students, to register at the University of Alabama. The federal government overturned a decision made by the state (Simon). Cooperative federalism began to fade away with Johnson’s Great Society program. This program often enacted grant-in-aid programs that the states were not interested in, or were opposed to. The grant-in-aid policies not only affected a few state programs, but now affected many city programs as well. Causing many people to argue that the federal government was taking on a much bigger role than it was intended to. Reagan, during his administration fought to decrease the far-reaching policies of the federal government. He increased defense spending, social security payments and tax cuts, causing less money to be spent on grant-in-aid programs. The trend set by Reagan has been carried on throughout the more recent administrations. The role of the state andShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution of Federalism990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of the Constitution American federalism has changed drastically since its genesis. In 1776 the thirteen colonies adopted the Articles of Confederation in order to coordinate their efforts in the war for independence. The Articles of Confederation bound the states together in two main aspects; foreign and military affairs. The Articles of Confederation worked well while all the states had a common cause. However, as soon as the war ended and interests began to change, it became obviousRead MoreFederalism: Evolution and Effiency Essay2036 Words   |  9 PagesFederalism is the system of government that divides power between a central government and the regional government. The idea of federalism came about after the American Revolution when the drafters of the Constitution were debating over the roles of the national and state governments. The Federalists carefully planned out their idea of federalism and ensured that their view would best handle their concerns and issues. In Madison’s Federalist 51, he explains many key concepts that he believed wereRead MoreThe Evolution of Federalism and Housing Policy Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesHamilton, and John Jay drafted the Federalist Papers to persuade the state of New York to ratify the newly drafted United States Constitution, they could never have envisioned the controversy that the political theory of Federalism would generate, and the subsequent evolution of federalism that would follow. The Framers of the Constitution never planned for the federal government to be directly involved with the general welfare of people living within the United States beyond ensuring for a national defenseRead MoreWhat Is Federalism1066 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: What is Federalism? Student: Danny Franco Professor: Tracy Herman POL 110 August 8, 2014 Bose, Dilulio, and Wilson (2013), state that in America, political authority falls under both national and state governments. This division of political authority between the two entities is called federalism. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were in agreement that some degree of federalism was necessary; however, the amount of federalism that was to be written into the ConstitutionRead MoreWhat Is Federalism1012 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Federalism? Diana Reed POL110103 Professor Julie Waldon May 17, 2015 There are several systems of governments in the world today. Examples include Federalism, Monarchy and Democratic. Federalism is a form of command where two or more governments share authority over the same territory. In this system, the autonomy to carry out any state directive is given to State governments. In addition, there are other functions, which have to be made inRead More Power Shifts In Intergovernmental Relations: A Result Of Fiscal Feder835 Words   |  4 Pages Power Shifts in Intergovernmental Relations: A Result of Fiscal Federalism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fiscal federalism is the result of the states dependence on the national government for funds. Until 1913, the national government had minimal monetary resources, thus possessing little control over the affairs of the states. Once effected, the Sixteenth Amendment resulted in the amassing of government funds on the national level. This reserve of money enabled the national government to initiateRead MoreFederalism Is A System Of Government942 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven to the federal government is given to the people or the states. What is Federalism? Federalism is when more than one level of government is over the same individuals, over the same area, and amid the same time. Federalism in our system starts at the bottom with our local government in Tifton, the county government in Tift, the state government in Atlanta and the national government in Washington D.C. Federalism is a system of government in which powers are separated by a written constitutionRead MoreDifferences Between Unitary And Federal System1524 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Federalism Usually people tend to take governmental institutions in account only at national levels. However, it is important to have a look at the lower levels as well, specifically at state or provincial levels. The major distinctions that can be made are between unitary and federal systems. Only the central government has the constitutional sovereignty and power in unitary system. The central government shares that constitutional sovereignty and power in subdivisions called, statesRead MoreThe Nine By Jeffrey Toobin916 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes and relationships focus around main ideas and specific aspects of the court. In order to further illustrate the Supreme Court’s relationship and complexities, Jeffrey Toobin details the way the Court is shaped by the outside factors, the evolution of values, recurrent cases and constitutional requirements, and even misconceptions. Throughout The Nine, Toobin illustrates the fact that many of the Supreme Court cases are not necessarily determined on a case by case basis or simply by the hearingsRead MoreThe Power Struggle of the States and Federal Government in the United States1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthe terminology of federalism to a simplistic way is the sharing of sovereignty between the national government and the local government. It is often described as the dual sovereignty of governments between the national and the local to exert power in the political system. In the US it is often been justified as one of the first to introduce federalism by the ‘founding fathers’ which were developed in order to escape from the overpowered central government. However, federalism in the United States

Michigan Free Essays

Despite the governor’s pretty language abot alternative fuels and efforts to create a partnership with Sweden for the development of alternative fuel use in Michigan, the state is still nowhere near where it should be in terms of use of alternative fuels. The reasons are simple and complex all at the same time. People don’t want to buy vehicles which use alternative fuels if they can’t buy that fuel at the local store and local stores don’t want to carry a product that no one is buying. We will write a custom essay sample on Michigan or any similar topic only for you Order Now   Ã‚   On a website for Ford Truck enthusiasts,   one consumer said he would love to have a biodiesel truck or a flex fuel Ford Ranger, but even with the incentives the state has adopted to promote the use of these fuels, they are not generally available at the corner store. In addition, Michigan’s incentives, such as a 12 cents per gallon sales tax credit on some alternative fuels, do not account for market fluctuations that are inherent in a system that relies on only ethanol and oil fuels. In the worst conditions, extreme versions of the summer of 2007, a drought in major corn-producing states could raise the price of ethanol and OPEC production games can increase the price of gasoline. Because biodiesel and other alternative fuels are not easily used in most vehicles, consumers are still caught in a Catch-22. Switching to one alternative fuel does not make it readily available. With diversification as the car manufacturers look for more efficient ways to propel their vehicles and save the environment,   consumers cannot be assured that their â€Å"alternative fuel† vehicle of today is not going to be an obsolete paperweight with no fuel available in just a few years. The sad thing is that for all the attacks on the automotive industry, Michigan and automakers are trying to come up with a solution for the environment and for business. Unfortunately, the businesses and researchers can’t agree on what the best alternative fuel source is.   Ethanol relies of the growing season, propane is still a fossil fuel and methane is difficult to transport safely. Biodiesel, a form of heavy vegetable oil, also requires good crops. With shifting weather patterns across the globe, manufacturers are loathe to rely on a system which necessitates a good growing season. Furthermore, many activists are now arguing that the farmland used to create corn and soy beans for use in alternative fuels further contributes to the global warming problem by destroying farmland. In short, Michigan is trying to address the alternative fuel needs of the state and the country, but until the technology and production capability meet, consumers are less likely to buy into the alternative fuel option than officials would like. Hybrids are popular, but largely unproven in terms of long-term mechanical durability and alternative fuel cars just aren’t attractive for mass consumption. Until Michigan can do something about the supply chain for alternative fuels and the reliability of cars built to use them, the alternative fuels effort in Michigan will be strong, but not terribly effective. How to cite Michigan, Essay examples

Corporate Law for Insolvency of Corporations -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Law for Insolvency of Corporations. Answer: A person who is capable of repaying his debts or loans on their due dates is considered as solvent under the Corporations Act 2001. Therefore, the person who is not able to repay his debts or loans on the due date is known as insolvent. According to the Australian law, corporations are considered as insolvent and individuals are considered a bankrupt. In Australia, the law of insolvency regulates the position of an organisation which is unable to pay back their debts or suffering from financial crises (Hensher, Jones and Greene 2007) According to the Australian Securities Investments Commission 2014, the companies which are unable to repay their debts are considered as insolvent. The process of organisations insolvency is regulated by Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). As per Wood (2007), the primary objective of this act is to maintain a balance between the benefits of debtors, creditors, and the public, in the process of insolvency. The long-term objective of an insolvent corporation is not considered by the law of insolvency. The goal of directors to restart the business of the company by reorganisation its structure is not permitted by the law of insolvency. According to Ramsey and Sim (2010), the financial crisis faced by organisations in its day-to-day working is the primary sign of a corporations insolvency. The following can be considered as the sign for insolvency of a corporation: The decrease in the liquidity and reputation Constant financial losses and bouncing of cheques Overdue creditors payments or taxes Lack of future planning and funds Incomplete financial statements Non-payment of taxes Difficulty is raising funding for operations Summons or warrants issued by the court against the corporation Low value of companys stocks The commission of taxation, after realising the above-mentioned financial crises of a company, issued a penalty notice against the corporation. This notice served to the directors of the organisations regarding the non-payment of companys debts. If the corporation failed to take proper measures in 21 days, the commissioner is authorised to recover the amount of unpaid taxes from the corporation (Australia 2015). After assessing the financial crises of a corporation, it is the duty of directors to seek professional advice from legal and financial experts to protect the solvency status of a corporation. According to Tomasic (2006), the legal professionals assist organisation by conducting a solvency review over the financial statements of the enterprise and provide alternative solutions to the directors. The Proper alert should be provided to the directors regarding the alternative available for the protection of the organisation. The alternative options include various processes such as reconstruction or internal management, reorganisation, refinancing, altering the companys procedure or employing an external administrator for managing the process of the company. The directors became liable towards the shareholder and creditors of the organisation if the enterprise declared as insolvent or is presumed to be insolvent in the near future. As per Wyburn (2014), the directors duty enforces them to stop any trading activity or carrying the business of the company when it is declared insolvent. The directors should collect all the necessary information regarding the financial status of the corporation. Further, if the trading conducted by a company after being declared as insolvent is not properly recorded, then legal actions can be taken against the directors of such organisation. There are several avenues available for an corporation to avoid the insolvency. According to Ziegel (1994), if the corporation is presumed to be declared as insolvent, the duty of directors is to avoid acquiring any new debt or loan. There are various types of internal and external restructuring, such as selling-off, recapitalisation, swapping the debts for equity, spinning-off, equity carve-outs, purchasing the leverages, paying back the debts, refinancing the business and compromising the creditor's arrangements. After declaring the insolvency, the parties of a corporation may decide to liquidate the company. As per Tribe (2012), the voluntary liquidation is also called creditors voluntary liquidation, in which the creditor or shareholder decided to liquidate the organisation. The parties appoint an independent liquidator to perform the activities of liquidation. The liquidator sells the corporations assets and uses such money to pay back the debts of the company. Another type of liquidation is based upon the order of the court. This liquidation is involuntary in nature and the court decides to wind up the company for the interest of its parties and public. In involuntary liquidation, the independent liquidator is appointed by the court to perform the duties of liquidation process and after completing the process a report is sent to the court regarding the actions taken by liquidation (White, Doole, Pannell and Florec 2012). Other than winding up the company, the creditors might decide to put organisation under external management. To protect the interest and share of creditors, the directors might decide to put corporation under external administration. The creditors hire an external administrator to manage the operation of the organisation, to operate and manage the corporations assets. The administrator has similar powers as a director of a company, and he is expected from suing by the creditors or any third party due to his actions. Without the administrative permission or courts approval, the creditors or any third party cannot file a lawsuit against the company. Following are few methods in which a corporation can be externally administered: Receivership: According to Wessels (2006), the court or creditors of an organisation decides to hire an external administrative to protect the interest of creditors by managing the asset of the corporation. The power of directors gets limited while the external administrator is appointed in an organisation. After the full payment of creditors debts and realisation of companys assets as provided by courts order, the duties and power of external receiver ended. Voluntary Administration: In this external administration, a qualified auditor is appointed to examine and operate the financial transactions of the corporation. As per Sellars (2001), the auditor provides his report and recommendations to the creditors and organises their meeting. The auditor provides assistance to the external administrative in his After finishing his work, creditors take actions regarding the future of the organisation such as: Whether the companys operations should be handled by directors or not The organisation should opt for deed of arrangement That the corporations should be wind up Deed of Companys Arrangement: In this case, a deed of arrangement is established between the creditors and the corporation with the direction of the independent external administrator. Lewis (2001) provided that the primary motive of this arrangement is to provide funds for the payment of creditors debt by selling the assets or by third-party After such payment, the authority of organisation is given back to the directors. The data provided by ASIC in the last quarter of the 2016-17 financial year, as the summary study of June Quarterly Statistics of 2017 provide a growth of 28 percent in the number of corporations seeking for external administration. Till June 2016, the quarters total has reduced by 3.7 percent and the percentage of corporations seeking external administration for the same quarter was lower than 4 percent (Symes and Duns 2012). There are several topical issues regarding the companys insolvency which are analysed after declaring as insolvent. According to Fletcher (2004), a liquidator is appointed in the organisation whose task is to examine the corporations transactions. The liquidator evaluates the decisions taken by key managerial personnel of the corporation. The liquidator ascertains whether the decision of key managerial personals was according to the interest of the company and all the compliance were followed accordingly. The liquidator decides whether directors are liable for decisions taken by them, or they have acted in good faith of the corporation. Kinsler (1997) provided that if the directors are liable then liquidator has an opportunity to collect the remaining amount of debt from them personally. The action of the director which is against the companys interest or breaches their duty can hold them liable for the liability and liquidator can recover damages from them. If the actions of directors were against the interest of corporation or creditors than liquidator can recover the damages from them. Goode (2011) provided that the directors, who have intentionally breached his duties or did not take actions while other directors were breaching their duties, shall be held liable for the payment of debts. The personal property of directors can be used by the liquidator for the payment of debts. Section 180-183 provides the provisions regarding the civil liability of directors under the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). The directors can be held liable for a sum of $200,000 based upon the directions of ASIC. If a loss suffered by a corporation which is directly related to the directors actions, then the court can hold such director liable for the payment of such loss. The breach of directors or the noncompliance of regulations can be held them liable for criminal liabilities. Any intentional fraud, dishonesty or not performing duties under the good faith for a corporation, to gain an unfair advantage which is detrimental for the organisation can hold a director liable for criminal actions. If the directors are found guilty of violating the regulations or breach of his duties, the application of section 1317E is provided by the court under the section 588G of the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). The ASIC is authorised to examine the situation of the corporation upon the declaration provided by the court. The ASIC provides information to the court to apply the monetary penalties over director or whether the actions of the director were according to the provisions of the Corporation Act 2013 (Cth) (Purslowe 2011). The Australian Securities and Investment Commission or ASIC is authorised to regulate the aspects of the market and financial services of the corporations in Australia. The ASIC is authorised to register various accountants or liquidators to provide their services in companys insolvency procedure. According to Baxter, Gawler and Ang (2007), various powers and tools have been provided to the ASIC regarding the examination and enforcement of ASIC act and the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). The ASIC can initiate legal proceedings or give order for investigating corporations which contravene or did not implement the proper regulations. The Australian Restructuring Insolvency and Turnaround Association (ARITA) is a commission associated in Australia, to prove their support to the corporations who are on the verge of insolvency or restructuring, to help them maintain solvency through qualified professionals. The ARITA perform its actions according to the provisions of Australian Restructuring Insolvency and Turnaround Association, 2016 (Arnold, Ferrier and Murray 2014). Due to globalisation, the competition between corporations has grown significantly. Many companies face insolvency due to such competition or due to the wrongful actions of directors. While corporations are on the verge of insolvency, the interest of creditors and other financiers is necessary to be protected. The directors should perform their duties carefully to pay back the debts of creditors. There are various types of external regulators available for the organisations in Australia. The authorities manage and support the organisations while they are facing insolvency. ASIC have authority to examine the transaction of the company, based on the direction of the court, to ascertain that directors have performed their duties properly. The ARITA provide qualifies professionals assistance to organisations to avoid insolvency. Various facilities such as reorganisation or restructuring are provided by this commission to protect insolvency of corporations in Australia. Voluntary administ ration procedures used by corporations while insolvency is more cost-effective than other methods, which can assist directors to provide the payment of creditors. References Arnold, K., Ferrier, N. and Murray, M., 2014. A quarterly round-up of the ARITA Insolvency Specialist Team's work on law and practice issues.Australian Insolvency Journal,26(2), p.47. Australia, C.P.A., 2015. Small business survey program: Financial management, insolvency and fraud. Baxter, R.A., Gawler, M. and Ang, R., 2007, December. Predictive model of insolvency risk for Australian corporations. InProceedings of the sixth Australasian conference on Data mining and analytics-Volume 70(pp. 21-27). Australian Computer Society, Inc.. Fletcher, I.F., 2004. UK corporate rescue: recent developmentschanges to administrative receivership, administration, and company voluntary arrangementsThe Insolvency Act 2000, the White Paper 2001, and the Enterprise Act 2002.European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR),5(1), pp.119-151. Goode, R.M., 2011.Principles of corporate insolvency law. Sweet Maxwell. Hensher, D.A., Jones, S. and Greene, W.H., 2007. An error component logit analysis of corporate bankruptcy and insolvency risk in Australia.Economic Record,83(260), pp.86-103. Kinsler, J.S., 1997. Corporate Insolvency in Australia and the United States: Uncommon Origins, Dissimilar Objectives.Int'l. Trade Bus. L. Ann.,3, p.129. Lewis, P.B., 2001. Trouble down under: Some thoughts on the Australian-American corporate bankruptcy divide.Utah L. Rev., p.189. Purslowe, R., 2011. Decisions in the Twilight Zone of Insolvency-Should Directors Be Afforded a New Safe Harbour.U. Notre Dame Austl. L. Rev.,13, p.113. Ramsay, I. and Sim, C., 2010. Personal Insolvency in Australia: An Increasingly Middle Class Phenomenon.Federal Law Review,38, p.283. Sellars, M.A., 2001, February. Corporate voluntary administration in Australia. InForum for Asian Insolvency Reform. Insolvency reform in Asia: An assessment of the recent developments and the role of judiciary. Bali, Indonesia(pp. 7-8). Symes, C. and Duns, J., 2012.Australian insolvency law. LexisNexis Butterworths. Tomasic, R., 2006.Insolvency Law in East Asia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Tribe, J., 2012. Discharge in bankruptcy: An historical and comparative examination of personal insolvency relief in England and Australia.Insolvency Law Journal,20(1), pp.240-263. Wessels, B., 2006.International insolvency law(Vol. 2). Deventer: Kluwer. White, B., Doole, G.J., Pannell, D.J. and Florec, V., 2012. Optimal environmental policy design for mine rehabilitation and pollution with a risk of non?compliance owing to firm insolvency.Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics,56(2), pp.280-301. Wood, P.R., 2007.Principles of international insolvency. Sweet Maxwell. Wyburn, M., 2014. Debt agreements for consumers under bankruptcy law in Australia and developing international principles and standards for personal insolvency.International Insolvency Review,23(2), pp.101-121. Ziegel, J.S., 1994.Current developments in international and comparative corporate insolvency law. Oxford University Press.

In the Pursuit of Liberty and Happiness How the Life of Mohammad Yunus Continue to Impact the World

By any standards, the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States can be termed as two of the most fundamental and enduring documents in the Nation’s history due to the very fact that the ideals enshrined in the documents continue to influence generations of Americans in major ways, especially in terms of rule of law, self governance and the protection of individual rights (U.S. Citizenship Immigration Services, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In the Pursuit of Liberty and Happiness: How the Life of Mohammad Yunus Continue to Impact the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Declaration of Independence, in particular, set forth the basic tenets that could be used to ensure a just and fair government. Although over two millennia have now passed since the documents were instituted, many Americans continue to hold these principles close to their hearts, with particular em phasis been placed on the three unalienable rights enshrined in the Declaration of Independence, and which are bestowed on us by our Creator (ARD, 2010). The document highlighted three most basic rights, namely, â€Å"the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (ARD, 2010, para. 1). This paper purposes to assess how these unalienable rights have shaped the life of Muhammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank, winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Price, and also the winner of the 2009 Presidential Medal of Freedom Award. Born in 1940 in what was then known as Eastern Bengal, Yunus got himself a good education to become an economist at Chittagong University. During one of his field visits in 1974, in the company of his students, he â€Å"†¦interviewed a woman who made bamboo stools, and learnt that she had to borrow the equivalent of 15p to buy raw bamboo for each stool made† (Grameen Bank, 2010a, para. 2). The woman, after repaying her loan to the shylocks a t rates exceeding 10%, was left with minimal profits that could neither meet her most basic rights neither sustain her business. An idea struck Yunus that if the woman was allowed the capacity to borrow loans at more advantageous rates than what was being offered by the brokers, and without collateral, she could be able to accumulate an economic cushion that will not only raise her living standards above subsistence level, but also sustain and expand her business. The idea led to the establishment in 1983 of what is today known as the Grameen Bank or simply the ‘village bank.† According to industry figures, the bank operates 2,564 branches in Bangladesh, and employs in excess of 19,000 employees serving an estimated 8.29 million borrowers spread across 81, 367 villages (Grameen Bank, 2010b). Although the bank does not require collateral, its loan recovery rate stands at 97%, necessitating other countries to develop projects that revolve around the banks model to alleviat e poverty among populations.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the idea to start the micro-finance institution may seem more economically oriented, there exist heavy political undertones in the founder’s desire to see a just society where every body is endowed with the capacity to lead a happy life. Indeed, Yunus have embraced a model that offers interventions to communities by creating economic and social progression from below. According to the founder, lasting peace in the world will forever remain elusive unless large population groups are given the means to break out of the cocoons of poverty (Grameen Bank, 2010b). The right to liberty is synonymous to freedom, which in political perspective implies that all individuals should be free from state coercion (ARD, 2010). Yunus, however, is of the opinion that poor people can never enjoy freedom even in the absence of stat e coercion due to the fact that poverty not only shackles the individual’s free will, but it also leads to stagnation of the dreams that are held so dear by people relating to leading a happy life such as getting a good education, which would guarantee a good job, thus financial stability (Yunus, 2007). This philosophy is derived from the fact that â€Å"†¦economic growth and political democracy can not achieve their full potential unless the female half of humanity participates on an equal footing with the male† (Grameen Bank, 2010b, para. 3). This philosophy necessitated Yunus to develop the micro-credit concept through his Grameen Bank to assist millions of poor people out of poverty, therefore guaranteeing their financial and social freedom. It is a well known fact that people who are financially and materially endowed are more likely to participate in the running of government affairs, including demanding for their rights from the state (Yunus, 2007). It is a lso the philosophy of Yunus that development from below through such means as availing micro-credit to the poor to uplift their living standards and achieve self-sustenance inarguably advances democracy and respect for human rights, including the right to life. According to ARC (2010), life is largely a process of self-sustenance, and the right to life implies the right for individuals to engage in self-sustaining activities. Yunus has worked extremely hard in his life time to ensure that millions of people around the world get the right to involve themselves in self-sustaining activities through offering micro-credit that is not tied to any collateral as is the case in other financial institutions. Indeed, it is Yunus’ belief that every single person in this world has both the capability and the right to lead a happy life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on In the Pursuit of Liberty and Happiness: How the Life of Mohammad Yunus Continue to Impact the Worl d specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The contributions that Yunus has made to millions of people in his lifetime will certainly continue to positively impact people for generations to come. It is imperative to note that 97% of the 8.29 million customers of Grameen Bank comprise of women who could not afford to give their children a descent education before the revolutionary thoughts of Yunus came into the fore. Today, however, these women are not only leading better lives, but their children and other generations to come will greatly benefit from the education that they have attained through this intervention (Yunus, 2007). A prosperous nation is laid on the frameworks of enlightenment and respect for life. Yunus continues to work hard to ensure that these virtues are entrenched not only in Bangladesh, but also across the world. Future generations will benefit immensely due to the stability and foresight that has been created by people like Professor Yunus. The economist’s long-term mission of eradicating poverty in the world (Grameen Bank, 2010b), will go a long way in ensuring future generations live a life that is just, free and fair. Reference List Ayn Rand Center. (2010). Principles of a free society: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Web. Grameen Bank (2010a). Biography of Dr. Mohammad Yunus. Web. Grameen Bank. (2010b). Prof. Muhammad Yunus Grameen Bank Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2006. Web. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. (2008). The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yunus, M. (2007). Banker to the People: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty. New York, NY: PublicAffairs Books. This essay on In the Pursuit of Liberty and Happiness: How the Life of Mohammad Yunus Continue to Impact the World was written and submitted by user Gracelynn Decker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Genius Paper-Alexander The Great

Genius Paper-Alexander The Great The term Genius has its roots in Latin and means guardian spirit, Websters Dictionary defines genius in a number of ways, including: a person with Extraordinary intellectual and creative power, a person of extraordinary intellect and talent, a person who has an exceptionally high intelligence quotient, typically above 140, a strong natural talent, aptitude, or inclination or one who has such a talent or inclination. Alexander III of Macedon, more commonly known as Alexander the Great, is to many historians, a genius for his statesmanship and his military might. In this paper I will further illustrate some of Alexanders cultural and social achievements, providing a clearer illustration for the reasons why he is deemed a genius.BackgroundHistorical records show that Alexander the Great or in Greek: Alexandros III o Makedon, meaning "Defender of Men", was born in Pella, Macedonia, the area around present day Thessaloniki in northern Greece, in late July of 356 BC, on the same day on whi ch the famous Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was destroyed by fire.Niketerion (victory medallion) bearing the effigy ...According to John J. Popovich, his father, Philip II of Macedon, was a brilliant ruler and strategist. His mother was Olympias, princess of Epirus, daughter of King Neoptolemus. Olympias was initiated into the cults of Dionysus and Orpheus. She was often jealous, vindictive and very protective of Alexander.Popovich describes the boy Alexander as, “fearless and strong. At the age of twelve, he tamed the beautiful and spirited Bucephalus ("ox-head" in Greek), a horse that no one else could ride. Philip was so proud of Alexander's horsemanship that he said: O my son, seek out a kingdom worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee.Later, this famous stallion carried him as far as India up to the Hydaspes River, where he died. There Alexander built...

The Crusades Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Crusades - Research Paper Example Islam from present day Pakistan to Morocco and from the base of Turkey down to East Africa. This made Islam a threat to Christianity since there was a chance that Muslim invaders will spread their Jihads into European lands that were considered Christian at that time.Carl Erdmann points out that 11th Century reforms in the Church were the main cause of the First Crusade sanctioned by the Catholic Church. This is because the reform sought to purify all elements of the European society including warriors and militants. He, therefore, explains the Crusades as an attempt by the Catholic Church to divert violence and military force towards 'sacred' activities. In March 1095, Pope Urban II sent troops to go the Eastern Church which had its headquarters at Byzantium to help them defend themselves against a Muslim invasion. In the Council of Clermont a few months after that, in November 1095, Pope Urban II called for Christian armies and warriors to be sent to Jerusalem to re-take the city o f Jerusalem and establish a Christian state there.From an analysis of the activities of the first Crusade sanctioned by Pope Urban II, it appears that there was the need for the Pope to defend the borders of Christian Europe. This seems to be a natural course of action any religious leader would have taken against the Muslim expansion. The Crusades were successful and the Christians took Jerusalem in July 1099. They set up the Syrian and Palestine Christian states and took the island of Cyprus as a security point.

Cleopatra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cleopatra - Essay Example In the third year of their reign Ptolemy, encouraged by his advisers, assumed sole control of the government and drove Cleopatra into exile. She was determined to regain her throne. She promptly gathered an army in Syria but was unable to assert her claim until the arrival at Alexandria of Julius Caesar, who became her lover and espoused her cause. He was for a time hard pressed by the Egyptians but ultimately triumphed, and in 47 bc Ptolemy XIII was killed. And that time, Caesar proclaimed Cleopatra Queen of Egypt. Cleopatra is described as a beautiful, sensuous, intelligent, and desirous of bringing her beloved Egypt into the forefront of world power and politics. She started out as a famous queen of a wealthy nation in time of ancient history and her fame grew from there. During her reign, "Cleopatra promoted herself relentlessly, making public displays of her power, her image as pharaoh and goddess, and her links with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony." She is considered extraordinary and most influential woman in the world history. Not all government has been run by men. According to website "Cleopatra is a woman who both combines, political wit and foresight, as well as a strong personal will combined with rigorous self-confidence." She has wielded power, revealed her feats during her times. To an imperious will, boldness and boundless ambition, Cleopatra added great intellectual power and physical seductiveness with which she twice nearly succeeded in becoming queen of the known world. In her both complex relationships with the two most powerful men, first is Julius Caesar, and several years after Caesar's death Is Mark Antony, she see to it that she had join forces with them to assure her place for Egypt in the shaping of the empire. In her relationships with the two great generals, Cleopatra used her body as well as her mind to achieve political ends. Her standards of conduct differed widely from Roman custom and law. But it was for her determination, and intelligence that she was feared at Rome, and Cleopatra deserves to be remembered as a nearly successful contender for control of the Hellenistic world. III. CLEOPATRA and JULIUS CAESAR Julius Caesar is the Roman general and a good leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator. Cleopatra was restored to the throne by the Roman armies of Julius Caesar. She uses Julius Caesar to exercise his power over Egypt and proclaim her as a queen. Legend has it that Cleopatra had herself delivered to Caesar rolled up in a carpet. Whatever the truth, he fell in love with her, and she had a son, Caesarion, by him. Caesar invited Cleopatra and Caesarion to Rome, where she stayed until 44 BC, when Caesar was assassinated. IV. CLEOPATRA and MARK ANTONY Mark Antony is the Roman general went to Cleopatra for her support in his bid for power in Rome. He too fell in love with her. They later married and had three children. Mark Anthony and Cleopatra were ambitious and strove to take over the eastern Roman Empire. But their armies were defeated at the Battle of Actium, off Greece, by the forces of Octavian. As Octavian chased Cleopatra and Mark Antony to Alexandria, Cleopatra spread rumours that she was dead. In despair, Mark Antony stabbed himself. He died in her arms. Cleopatra committed suicide also. V. OCTAVIAN The war between Queen Cleopatra (assisted by Mark Antony) and Octavian was last and probably most important of

Evaluation of a social work practice

Evaluation of a social work practice Evaluation of Social Work Practice with Hispanic Children and Families Example of a practice evaluation A practice evaluation is a review and evaluation of individual practice within program and how the practice affects the person or recipient of services. Within The Place for Hope and Restoration, is the Raid and Rescue program has service practices for the â€Å"outreach workers† is to â€Å"raid† the streets to identify possible victims, such as prostitutes, exotic dancers, and/or service workers, such as cooks, busboys, waitresses, and day laborers. The outreach workers provide information about the other programs of the agency, to include how they can provide a safe place to stay, help the victim learn how to be a survivor, provision of advocacy and legal services, etc†¦ and offer â€Å"rescue† service, to include transportation to the Safe Harbor program and the other programs within The Place for Hope and Restoration. How these service practice affect the person is essential in identifying the impact to the individual, the staff, the agency and the comm unity. Some areas of practice to be reviewed would include: access, safety, effectiveness of outreach, raid procedures, barriers to the raid and rescue process, along with the needs of the individuals and program. Through the use of data, such as structured record reviews, individual case reviews, surveys or other data, the program practices can be evaluated regarding the efficacy, efficiency, and outcomes. Through evaluation of the practices of the Raid and Rescue program, stakeholders will be able to determine the ongoing needs of the practices, identify program deficits and determine if the practices are meeting the defined outcome measures for the target population and the community. This should assist the overall program in determining the need to continue, modify, or discontinue the practice utilized by the Raid and Rescue program to meet the needs of the stakeholders. Example of a Program Evaluation A program evaluation is the systematic review of a â€Å"program’s current (and future) interventions, outcomes, and efficiency to aid in case – and program-level decision making in an effort for our profession to become more accountable to stakeholder groups† (Grinnell, Gabor, Unrau, 2012, p.26). Program evaluations come in a variety of formats, but should include evaluation of the program’s goal(s), mission, program objectives, practice objectives and activities (Grinnell, Gabor, Unrau, 2012, p. 55) to determine if the outcomes and purpose of the program are being met. As noted previously, The Place for Hope and Restoration has multiple departments including outreach, Safe Harbor, fundraising, advocacy and policy, and administrative services. Within each department there are several programs. An example of this is the outreach department has the â€Å"Raid and Rescue† and â€Å"Community Outreach† programs under it. Each program then has s pecific goals to meet the needs and requirements of the stakeholders and funding source(s). A program evaluation is focused on the specific program, not the department nor the specific practices, though they are part of the comprehensive program evaluation. Utilization of the Six-Steps of the Program Evaluation Process The first of six steps of the evaluation process for a program would include the engagement of stakeholders. To evaluate the Raid and Rescue Program, stakeholders would need to be identified and engaged to provide feedback. This will be accomplished through a variety of formats including public hearings, meeting with community service coalition groups, and the use of standardized survey tools. Both internal and external stakeholders should be involved in this evaluation process. Internal stakeholders would include those involved in the operation of the program. This includes, but is not limited to, funders, board members, administrators, staff and volunteers. External stakeholders would include law enforcement, legal services, community service programs, family members, elected officials, and the community-at-large. The recipients of services are also key stakeholders and need to be involved in the evaluation process, both those who are currently participating in the program, those w ho have transitioned into other programs of the agency and those who either refused or did not follow through with accessing raid and rescue. The next step in evaluating the program would be to clearly describe the program. To do this one must identify the expected effects, activities, resources, stage of development, context, and logic model (Grinnell, Gabor, Unrau, 2012, p. 31). This will be achieved through the review of the agencys strategic plan, the mission statement, funding requirements, and various other agency resources that describe what the purpose and goals of the program. The third step of this program evaluation process is to develop a plan of how the program will be evaluated. For the Raid and Rescue program, the Theory of Change will be utilized to determine if the program is effective and what the practices are effective within the program. This will be completed through a retrospective chart review, client and stakeholder surveys, and stakeholder focus groups. Step four is the gathering and evaluation of data (Grinnell, Gabor, Unrau, 2012, p. 32). For this program the data from the surveys, chart revie ws, and focus groups will be gathered, analyzed to determine strengths and areas of need. Data will be presented as both qualitative and quantitative data, to demonstrate success rate, completion rate and other variables, determined by the stakeholders. Outcomes towards program goals will also be evaluated to determine if Raid and Rescue is reaching victims and if their practices are helping victims. Step five is tied directly into step four of the evaluation process as this is the development of conclusions and making recommendations, based upon the data. To complete this step one must â€Å"judge the data against agreed-upon values or standards set by the stakeholders† (Grinnell, Gabor, Unrau, 2012, p. 33) and present the conclusions in a clear and consise manner. Lastly, there is a need for follow-up regarding the program evaluation in order to ensure the process was meaningful. The results should be disseminated, meetings should take place to review the results with key stakeholders, such as advisory committees, management staff, project teams in order to prioritize any needs and outliers of the program and develop action plans, based upon the identified needs or to continue current practices. The stakeholders should also be provided information regarding the successes of the program through focus groups, reporting results back to coalition groups, and through the use of media, such as newsletter articles, social media formats, program reports to funders, and formal reports to board members. References: Grinnell, R. G. (2012). Program Evaluation for Social Workers (Sixth ed.). New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, Inc.

Social Issues in Colonial Africa

The title of a book may give the reader an idea of the story or it may make more sense after reading the book. The title Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad prepares the reader for something unpleasant.The title Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe also gives the reader a hint of bad things to come. After reading both it is clear to the reader the titles refer to the terrible social issues caused by the appearance of European colonizers in Africa.The â€Å"darkness† is not just the absence of light typical in an African jungle. It is the mental and emotional dark side of the colonizers, and the dark result of their intrusion on African societies. There are many â€Å"things† that â€Å"fall apart† in Africa when the Europeans arrive. There is an immediate breakdown in communication between the two cultures. Then the domination and brutality of the Europeans causes the African society to â€Å"fall apart†.Both books show the terrible result to the Africans at the hands of the Europeans. Both authors are very effective in bringing the reader â€Å"into† the story. However, each author uses different methods and styles to illustrate the social attitudes, issues and impact arising from colonization.Joseph Conrad uses a narrator, Charlie Marlow, to tell the story of Heart of Darkness. Marlow is a sailor who tells his shipmates the story of how he had worked for a European trading company in Africa.He was employed to take a boat up-river from a company headquarters to bring back Mr. Kurtz, their best ivory trader. Marlow soon witnesses the European attitude and treatment of the Africans. He describes the horrible scene of the Europeans’ slave laborers: â€Å"They were dying slowly—it was very clear.They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now—nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom† (Conrad 64). One of the men who worked at the station was a clerk who tells Marlow â€Å"When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate those savages—hate them to the death† (Conrad 66).Marlow learns that the behavior of the Europeans at their headquarters is just the beginning. Although Kurtz is the company’s best ivory trader, he is described as much more to Marlow: â€Å"He is a prodigy†¦an emissary of pity, of science, and progress, and devil knows what else† (Conrad 75). Marlow can begin to see the dark side of the company as the clerk relates Marlow is â€Å"of the new gang—the gang of virtue.The same people who sent him specially also recommended you† (Conrad 75). Marlow discovers a report Kurtz had written for the company describing his experience in the jungle with the Africans. Marlow states that in light of all that happened, and would happen, the beginning of the document â€Å"strikes me now as ominous.He began with the argument that we whites, from t he point of development we had arrived at†¦ ‘approach them with the might of a deity’† (Conrad 111).  It is obvious that Kurtz realized that with all of the â€Å"modern† European goods and weapons he would appear to the Africans as some sort of superior being. What would be even more ominous was Kurtz’ â€Å"note at the foot of the last page†: ‘Exterminate all the brutes!’† (Conrad 111).

Psychological Perspectives Essay

Behaviourist approach-we can understand any type of behaviour perspective by looking at what the person has learnt, including personality, confidence, optimism or pessimism. Classical conditioning and Pavlov’s dogs. Pavlov was working with dogs to investigate their digestive system Pavlov attached a tube to the dogs mouth was the sliver comes from. This was then attached to a monitor in whom the monitor would monitor how much sliver was used during salivation. Salivation was a automatic response that is unconditioned (not learnt). Food leads to this almost automatically (unconditioned stimulus). Pavlov decided he wanted to find out how much the dog salivated when associated with different noises before giving him food. Pavlov put up a wooden wall so the dog could not see the food, he then rang a bell the dog began to salivate. Over the day the dog then began to associate the bell with the food a salivated as soon as he heard the bell. It had learnt the conditioned response of salivation to the conditioned stimulus of the bell. Operant conditioning and skinners rats. This was to discover the key principles of new learning behaviours. The rat was first places in the box with a lever which when pressed it released a food pellet in to the box. At first when the rat got in to the box it sniffed around and at some point it pressed the lever, discovering that the pellet was dropped. The rat then repeated this performance and learned that pressing the lever is automatically followed by the pellet being dropped. ( the consequence) The pellet is seen as reinforcing, this means something that the rat would like to have more of. There are two types of enforcement negative and positive reinforcement. Skinner then investigated negative reinforcement by running a low electrical current on the floor of the box, the current would be de-activated when the lever was pressed. The behaviour of pressing the leaver was then negatively in reinforcing. For example humans used pain killers as a negative reinforcement because if you use them the pain then tends to go away. Social learning approach Social learning is what affects a person because of a certain individual or a group of people. This could lead to negative behaviour which could be smoking, drinking and drugs. These could be influenced by friends, parents or a guardian and also from the environment they live in. Albert Bandura proved this because he observed this by doing the bobo doll experiment which was children watching a adult kick, punch and sit on the doll. The children then were allowed to go in a play with the doll and they did what they had observed. But also in the room there was other items that they could play with so they could chose to be aggressive or not but they chose to play with the doll, when they were playing with the doll some got guns involved and pretended to shoot it, which the adult never did. The children also used aggressive language towards the doll, this showed that because they had observed the adult being aggressive towards the dolls the children copied. Bandura also believed that behaviour can be learnt from the following principles observational learning, this is watching someone else perform a behaviour such as smoking, drinking, wearing a cycle helmet, they can be learnt but does not have to be reproduced unless the person is motivated to perform the behaviour. A role model which is an individual that inspires others as they could be prestigious, attractive, have a high status and they may copy their behaviour. Modelling which is the process of basing behaviour for example dressing the same as someone who they may admire. Availability the behaviour to be learnt must be available this could be performed somewhere for the individual to see this could be on TV, the computer, games, there peers and family members. Attention the behaviour must be noticed or we will not be able to learn it, if someone is feeling unwell they may not pay attention which could be a problem because you will not remember the procedure. Retention is behaviour that must be retained which is that the person must be interested enough and old enough to retain the information in their memory. Reproduction the individual must be capable of performing the behaviour. Motivation behaviour will be learnt and then performed. Humanistic approach Maslow was a psychologist that believed we were all seeking to become the best that we possibly can be physically, spiritually, emotionally and intellectually, he called this self-actualisation. He also made the theory known as hierarchy of needs this explains that every human requires certain basic needs to be met before they are able to move on to the next stage. He also believed that all our energies will be focused on the stage that we are at, until the basic needs are met we will not focus on our emotional needs and to feel self-esteem which is how valuable we may feel, for someone who has a high self-esteem they will believe that that they are loved and are loveable and also that they feel important and valued. For someone who has a low self-esteem they could feel worthless and that they have no value to anyone and may feel unloved and that they are not unlovable. Self-concept is developed at an early age and it is the way we see ourselves, for example if someone was a child got told they were silly they are more likely to be that way were if a child is praised they will be behave and will have a positive self-concept. Rogers was interested in concept of self, it is the way we view ourselves which includes physical and biological attributes like being male or female, short or tall. He believed that we also hold a concept of our self which represents as view of how we should be and as we would like to be, when there is incongruence between our self and our ideal self we can become unhappy and troubled. (betec level 3 health and social care book 1) Biological approach The maturational theory is that a child would be born with a set of genetics which are passed down through their parents, which are cognitive, physical, and other developmental processes which unfold over time. It is a theory that states that development is to nature not nurture. Gesell’s theory was that he believed that the development happened the way it was suppose to, this was from developing in the womb until birth. After birth he believed that this is when the child’s genes started to develop them into the person that they were meant to be. He also believed that the environment supported them developing their skills, talents, personality and also their interests but what was the main thing that helped the child develop was the maturational process. The importance of genetic influences on behaviour is that genes affect someone’s behaviour in a numerous of ways. A dominant gene can cause disorders like Huntington’s disease which can be passed on through a parent. Other disorder could be cystic fibrosis which both parents need to carry the gene in order for their child to get it. Disorders can be passed down but are not genetically determined which can lead to the person developing the disorder for example breast cancer can be passed down if one of the family members carry the gene. Psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious thought processes, the patient will explore the unresolved issues and the conflicts that they have had in in the past which are believed to affect them in their present life. The therapies focus on relieving and resolving the unconscious conflicts which are motivating their symptoms. Freud first developed the vital ideas which bring about the approach as a whole particularly the idea that understanding behavior requires insight into the thoughts and feelings that motivate our actions. Freud also describes conscious mind, which consists of all the mental processes of which we are aware. For example, you may be feeling hungry at this moment and decide to get something to eat. Erikson’s theory differs in a number of important ways. Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of predetermined stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describe the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

About The Trail of Tears - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 772 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Trail Of Tears Essay Did you like this example? The Question of this project: How was the journey to finding rights, for the Cherokee nation? The journey to obtaining rights as a Cherokee nation was a long a rough journey. The Cherokee people had 53,000 square miles of land in Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama combined but in 1802 white settlers, and President Thomas Jefferson began looking at removing the Cherokee tribe from their lands (GPB n.d.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About The Trail of Tears" essay for you Create order In the court case Worcester v. Georgia, the Cherokee Nation looked to get a federal injunction against the laws passed by the state of Georgia because these laws denied them the rights and privileges from within the state. One year later the U.S. Supreme court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was sovereign. In other words, the state of Georgia had no right to enforce any of their state laws in the Cherokee territory. Andrew Jackson, who was President at that time, rejected the ruling of this case and ordered the removal of the Cherokee nation. The United States army forces were used in certain instances to round them up. This elimination and journey is called The Trail of Tears. Out of the 15,000 Cherokee people who left, 4,000 died on the way to Indian Territory but what is now the state of Oklahoma (FJC n.d.). These past couple paragraphs are the official take on what happened but there is also the point of view of someone who went through it herself and her name was Margaret McGurie. In this interview she went on to explain in detail, how it was on the journey. She said, The Cherokees had to walk; all the old people who were too weak to walk could ride in the Government wagons that hauled the food and the blankets which they allowed to have. It goes on to say that the food on the Trail of Tears was horrible and there was not very much of it, so often the Indians had to go two days without water. This trail started in Georgia and went across Kentucky, Tennessee, and through Missouri all the way to Old Fort Wayne which was built as a shelter for the Indians until houses were built (Montiero 1837). As a conclusion it is clear that the Cherokee Indians went through a lot just to get rights. I would need information on Works Cited FJC. n.d. Federal Judicial Center. Accessed November 4, 2018. https://www.fjc.gov/history/timeline/cherokee-nation-v.-georgia. The Federal Judicial Center produced and maintains this site in furtherance of its statutory mission. The Center regards the contents of this site to be responsible and valuable. The Court ruled four years later in Worcester v. Georgia that the Cherokee Nation was a separate political entity that could not be regulated by the state, and that only the federal government had authority to regulate the use of Indian land. GPB. n.d. Judgement Day. Accessed November 4, 2018. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h1567.html. PBS is Americas largest classroom, the nations largest stage for the arts and a trusted window to the world. In addition, PBSs educational media helps prepare people for success in school and opens up the world to them. Their main goal is to fulfill our essential mission to the American public, providing trusted programming that is uniquely different from commercial broadcasting and treating audiences as citizens, not simply consumers. For 15 consecutive years, a national study has rated PBS as the most-trusted institution in America. Montiero, Lorrie. 1837. Sequoyah Research Center. August 20. Accessed November 4, 2018. https://ualrexhibits.org/tribalwriters/artifacts/Family-Stories-Trail-of-Tears.html. The collections of the University of Arkansas at Little Rocks Sequoyah National Research Center constitute the largest assemblage of Native American expression in the world. Our mission, to acquire and preserve the writings and ideas of Native North Americans, is accomplished through collecting the written word and art of Native Americans and creating a research atmosphere that invites indigenous peoples to make the Center an archival home for their creative work. Oyez. Accessed November 4, 2018. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1832/2. Oyez a free law project from Cornells Legal Information Institute (LII), Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Lawis a multimedia archive devoted to making the Supreme Court of the United States accessible to everyone. It is the most complete and authoritative source for all of the Courts audio since the installation of a recording system in October 1955. Oyez offers transcript-synchronized and searchable audio, plain-English case summaries, illustrated decision information, and full-text Supreme Court opinions (through Justia). Oyez also provides detailed information on every justice throughout the Courts history and offers a panoramic tour of the Supreme Court building, including the chambers of several justices.